View source for Lesson 2--Microduino "How to Light up Multiple LEDs"

{{Language|第二课--多个led的闪烁}}
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==Objective==
After Lesson 1, you now know how to control a single LED. In this lesson, we will learn how to light up multiple LEDs in awesome patterns.

==Equipment==
*'''[[Microduino-Core]]'''
*'''[[Microduino-FT232R]]'''
*Other hardware equipment
**1x Box of breadboard jumper wires
**1x Breadboard 
**8x LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes)   
**1x 220ohm resistor 
**1x USB Data cable

[[File:lesson2All.jpg|600px|center|thumb]]

==Experiment Schematic==
As you may recall from Lesson 1, there are two ways of connecting the LEDs.
*Method One: Connect the negative ends (cathodes) of the LEDs to the GND port of Microduino and connect the positive ends (anodes) to digital I/O ports D3~D10. High level connection.
*Method Two: Connect the cathodes to the digital I/O ports D3~D10 and the anodes to VCC. Low level connection. 

[[File:schematic2.jpg|600px|center|thumb]]

==Program==
*Using I/O port output directly
<source lang="cpp">
void setup() {                
//Define microduino digital I/O port D3~D10 as output   
  for(int i=3;i<11;i++)
  pinMode(i, OUTPUT);     
}
void loop() {
  for(int i=3;i<11;i++)
  {
  digitalWrite(i, HIGH); // Digital I/O port i(D3~D10) outputs high
  delay(50);            //delay 50ms  
  digitalWrite(i, LOW); //// Digital I/O port i(D3~D10) outputs low
  delay(50);           //delay 50ms    
  }
}
</source>

*Using a hexadecimal-based array, the output data is shifted to each I/O port, allowing the user to create countless patterns with ease.
<source lang="cpp">
/*===============================================
1 means LED is on. 0 means LED is off.
Example:
0x81:10000001
10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3
 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
The LEDs connected to ports 10 and 3 in this case would be on.

=================================================*/
long  data[]=
{
  0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,//From left to right light
  0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,//From right to left light
  0x81,0x42,0x24,0x18,0x18,0x24,0x42,0x81,//Both sides to the middle and middle to both sides bright light
  0x01,0x03,0x07,0x0f,0x1f,0x3f,0x7f,0xff,//Lit from left to right
  0xff,0x7f,0x3f,0x1f,0x0f,0x07,0x03,0x01,//From right to left extinguished
};

void setup() 
{                
  for(int x=3;x<11;x++) 
  {
    pinMode(x,OUTPUT);//Set the output pin
  }  
}


void loop() 
{
  for(int x=0;x<40;x++)//Reading different pattern's lights
  {
    leddisplay(data[x]);
    delay(200); //Every state displays 200ms
  }
  leddisplay(0x00);//Cycle is completed, then all extinguished
  delay(200);
}

void leddisplay(int num)    // Mapping the pattern matrix to the port display
{
/*====================================================================
Firstly right shift the hexadecimal number x bits (num >> x), 
x represents the microduino I/O port corresponding hexadecimal bit, 
0 is the lowest bit, bit 7 is the highest bit. 
Then, use the bitwise AND operation with the shifted data and 0x01 to get the corresponding binary digit at port x (0 or 1).  
 ====================================================================*/
  digitalWrite(3, ((num>>0)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(4, ((num>>1)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(5, ((num>>2)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(6, ((num>>3)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(7, ((num>>4)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(8, ((num>>5)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(9,((num>>6)&0x01));
  digitalWrite(10,((num>>7)&0x01));
}
</source>
Comparing the two programs, the first looks simple, has only one pattern, and is very limited.The second program is optimized. Using an array, the hexadecimal number's each bit is assigned to the specified I/O port. Waterfall LED designs can be created using the second program.

==Result==
*Program 1
LED lights are turned on and off from left to right one at a time.
*Program 2
A total of five patterns：
#LEDs turn on and off from left to right
#LEDs turn on and off from right to left
#LEDs turn on and off from both ends to the middle and middle to both ends
#LEDs are all lit from left to right
#LEDs are extinguished from right to left.

[[File:lesson2Result1.jpg|600px|center|thumb]]
[[File:lesson2Result2.jpg|600px|center|thumb]]
[[File:lesson2Result3.jpg|600px|center|thumb]]

==Video==
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNzA5OTk3MjI4.html
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