Integer constants
Integer Constant Integer constants are numbers directly used in programs, such as 123. By default, these numbers are taken as int, and you can also give more limitations with U and L（see below）. Normally, int constants are decimal by default, and you can add special prefixes to transform them into other radixes.
Radix Example Format Remark 10（Decimal） 123 No 2（Binary） B1111011 Prefix'B' Only apply to 8-bit value （0 to 255）. Char 0-1 are valid. 8（Octal） 0173 Prefix”0” Char 0-7 are valid. 16（Hexadecimal） 0x7B Prefix”0x” Char 0-9, A-F, and A-F are valid
What is a mathematical sense is that decimals are decimal numbers. If a number hasn’t a specific prefix, it is decimal by default.
Binary takes 2 as base, and only 0 and 1 are effective.
- Example
101 //It is equal to decimal 5（1*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 1*2^0）
Binary can only be 8-bit, which is to say that it cna only represent numbers during 0-255. If inputting binary numbers is more convenient, you can take the following way：
myInt = (B11001100 * 256) + B10101010; // B11001100 as high bit.
Octal is based on 8, and only 0-7 are valid characters. Prefixion“0”（numerical 0）represents that the value is octal.
0101 // It is equal to the decimal number 65 ((1 * 8^2) + (0 * 8^1) + 1)
Warning:Octal prefixion 0 is likely to produce mistakes which are difficult to find, because you may put a“0” in front of a constant by mistake, which is tragic. Hexadecimal is based on 16, and the valid characters are 0-9 and A-F. Hexadecimal numbers are represented by the prefixion “0x”. Please pay attention that A-F aren’t case-insensitive, which is to say that you can also use a-f.
- Example
0x101 // It is equal to decimal 257 ((1 * 16^2) + (0 * 16^1) + 1)
U & L format
By default, integer constants are taken as int. If you want to transform int constants into other types, please follow the following rules：
- u orU specify a constant as unsigned（it can only represents positive numbers and 0） , for example: 33u
- l orL specify a constant as long int（represent a broader range of the number） , for example: 100000L
- ul or UL , you know, is the above two types, called unsigned long int. For example：32767ul
