Difference between revisions of "Microduino-Joypad Getting start"

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{{Language|Microduino-Joypad Getting start}}
 
{| style="width: 800px;"
 
{| style="width: 800px;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
==扩展功能==
+
==Introduction & Overview==
*两个并列的Upin27底座;
+
*Editor:@Laopan
*两个波动开关;
+
===Background===
*四个按钮;
+
*Joypad perhaps is born for rc controller.
*MIC声音检测输入;
+
*Joypad can remotely control not only the Robot, but also the quadrotor.
*光敏检测输入;
+
*It can support for multiple communication methods through stacking different Microduino modules .
*蜂鸣器输出,接到Microduino的D6引脚上;
+
*It can also configure a variety of function through the TFT color screen.
*震动马达输出,接到Microduino的D8引脚上;
+
*Hope you can read this tutorial, and use Joypad to play your robot, little car, and quadrotor.
*板载Microusb供电、充电管理、3.3V稳压
+
===Bill of Modules===
*2.54间距电池供电接口。
+
 
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Component||Number||Function
 +
|-
 +
|Joypad mainboard||1||Mainboard
 +
|-
 +
|Core module||1||The core
 +
|-
 +
|Communication module||1||To communicate
 +
|-
 +
|TFT screen||1||To display
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
*The freedom degree of the Joypad is very high, and you can just choose core and modules according to the required functionality.
 +
*YOu can refer to the following function/compatibility to choose the corresponding core module, communication module, and function modules.
 +
**Joypad is compatible with any core except [[Microduino-CoreUSB]].
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''【Function】module/【Function】core'''
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''【Don’t support communication】 Core'''
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''【Don’t support communication】 Core+'''
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''【Communication/Quadrotor】 CoreRF'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''【Communication/Robot】''' nRF||YES||YES||YES
 +
|-
 +
| '''【Communication/Quadrotor】''' BLE||YES||YES||NO
 +
|-
 +
| '''【Somatosensory】''' Motion||NO||YES||YES
 +
|}
  
[[File:Microduino-Joypad-Expansion.jpg|600px|thumb|center|Microduino-Joypad-Expansion]]
+
===Modules Selection===
 +
*Application scenarios:'''Control Robot remotely'''
 +
**Use Core as the core module.
 +
**Use nRF as the communication module.
  
==程序说明==
+
*Application scenarios:'''Control Quadrotor remotely'''
*读取:
+
**Use CoreRF as the core module.
**读取光照、麦克风,扩展接口A、B的值,返回值为:int(0~1023);
+
**The core brings 2.4G communication function with it, so it needs no other core to cooperate with it.
<source lang="cpp">
 
//光照----------------------
 
Joypad.readLightSensor();
 
//麦克风--------------------
 
Joypad.readMicrophone();
 
//INTA----------------------
 
Joypad.readIntA();
 
//INTB----------------------
 
Joypad.readIntB();
 
</source>
 
  
**读取左、右模拟摇杆的值,返回值为:int(-512~512);
+
*Application scenarios:'''Body feeling control Quadrotor remotely'''
<source lang="cpp">
+
**Use CoreRF as the core module.
 +
**The core brings 2.4G communication function with it, so it needs no other core to cooperate with it.
 +
**Use Motion as the body feeling module.
  
//左模拟摇杆----------------
 
Joypad.readJoystickX();
 
Joypad.readJoystickY();
 
  
//右模拟摇杆----------------
+
*Application scenarios:'''Body feeling control Robot remotely'''
Joypad.readJoystick1X();
+
**Use Core+ as the core module.
Joypad.readJoystick1Y();
+
**Use nRF as the communication module.
</source>
+
**Use Motion as the body feeling module.
  
**读取左、右模拟摇杆值;左、右模拟摇杆按下值、拨档开关、四组按键,返回值为:Boolean(HIGH、LOW);
 
  
<source lang="cpp">
+
===Bill of Material===
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Component||Number||Function
 +
|-
 +
|Joypad panel||1||Panel
 +
|-
 +
|Nylon screw||8||To fix
 +
|-
 +
|Nylon nut||8||To fix
 +
|-
 +
|Nylon column||8||To fix
 +
|-
 +
|White button cap||4||Buttons
 +
|-
 +
|Rocker||2||Rockers
 +
|-
 +
|1.27mm 8P connecting line||1||To connect the TFT screen
 +
|-
 +
|10440 3.7v lithium battery(optional)||1||Power supply
 +
|-
 +
|Micro-USB cable(optional)||1||Program download
 +
|}
  
Joypad.readButton(byte ch);
 
//左模拟摇杆----------------
 
JOYSTICK_UP;
 
JOYSTICK_DOWN;
 
JOYSTICK_LEFT;
 
JOYSTICK_RIGHT;
 
 
//左模拟摇杆按下------------
 
CH_JOYSTICK_SW
 
 
//右模拟摇杆----------------
 
JOYSTICK1_UP;
 
JOYSTICK1_DOWN;
 
JOYSTICK1_LEFT;
 
JOYSTICK1_RIGHT;
 
 
//右模拟摇杆按下------------
 
CH_JOYSTICK1_SW
 
 
//拨档开关------------------
 
CH_SWITCH_L;
 
CH_SWITCH_R;
 
 
//四组按键------------------
 
CH_SWITCH_1;
 
CH_SWITCH_2;
 
CH_SWITCH_3;
 
CH_SWITCH_4;
 
</source>
 
  
*写入:
+
==Step-1 Programming==
**控制蜂鸣器、振动;
+
===Download the Source Code===
<source lang="cpp">
+
At first download the program from the following address
//==========================
+
'''[[https://github.com/wasdpkj/Joypad_RC/ Joypad_RC]]'''
//蜂鸣器---------------------
+
===Stack Modules===
  Joypad.tone(unsigned int freq);
+
*Use cable to connect [[Microduino-USBTTL]], and stack it together with your core to prepare to upload the program.
  Joypad.tone(unsigned int freq, unsigned long duration);
+
**Note:You’d better upload the program before stacking all modules together.
  Joypad.noTone();
+
===Configure the Environment===
 +
*Open Arduino IDE for Microduino environment(Reference for setting up:'''[[AVR Core:Getting started]]''')
 +
*Confirm the “board card” and“processor” is chosen correctly, and choose the corresponding port number (COMX).
  
//振动------------------------
+
===Program Download===
Joypad.motor(unsigned int motor_vol);
+
*Open the “Joypad_RC.ino” program in the programs that you have downloaded.
“unsigned int motor_vol”:振动强弱
+
*Click "→" to download the program to the development board.
</source>
 
==测试==
 
*用到的库:
 
**https://github.com/wasdpkj/libraries 你需要用到TFT库和_08_Microduino_Shield_Joypad库
 
*测试程序:
 
  
*调试:
+
==Step-2 Reference Voltage==
**准备
+
*In order to fitting for the input devices of Core and Joypad under any voltage:Rocker and the reference voltage of the switch are adjustable.
***所需要准备的硬件有:Microduino USBTTL、、Microduino Core、Microduino-Joypad
+
**If you have chosen CoreRF or the Core with 3.3V power source such as Core 3.3V and Core+ 3.3V.
***准备的软件有:支持的库文件、Arduino IDE;
+
**You need to reset the reference voltage of the mainboard of Joypad through the jumpers.
***解压下载库文件和测试程序,将解压后的库文件拷贝到Arduino IDE 的libraries文件夹中;
 
***打开” Microduino__Joypad_TFT_Text”测试程序,编译通过后,板卡选择Microduino Core (Atmega328P@16M,5V),直接下载即可;
 
**测试
 
***给Microduino-Joypad供电,按下复位按键,进入系统,请在4S内按下A按键,进入遥控器校准模式。
 
[[File:Microduino_Joypad_Remote1.jpg||600px|center|thumb]]
 
  
***360度最大幅度旋转两个摇杆,看TFT屏上数据没变化即可按下B按键,进入测试模式。
+
==Step-3 Battery powered==
[[File:Microduino_Joypad_Remote2.jpg||600px|center|thumb]]
+
===Specifications of the Supported Battery===
****你可以拨动开关或者摇动摇杆来观察界面变化,同时四组按键可控制蜂鸣器发声,摇杆按钮可控制Joypad最大幅度振动。
+
*The specifications of the batteries that are supported is as following
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Function/Type of battery'''
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''10440 lithium battery (3.7V)'''
 +
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''AAA battery(1.5V)'''
 +
|-
 +
| Whether to support one piece||YES||NO
 +
|-
 +
| Whether to support two pieces||YES||YES
 +
|-
 +
| Whether to support charging||YES||NO
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
 +
*'''We recommend to use 10440 lithium battery(3.7V)'''
 +
 +
===Active the Power Management Circuit===
 +
 +
*'''Referring to the following picture, according to the use of the battery, switch the battery mode switch to the correct position before access to the battery'''.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep1_1.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
 +
*After connecting the battery, you must plug the USB, to '''active''' the battery management circuit of Joypad.
 +
*After activing, you can control the power source switch of Joypad.
 +
 +
===Electric Quantity Reminding and Charging(Limited to the 10440 Lithium Battery)===
 +
*'''When you use two 7 batteries,you can’t use USB to charge, and it will destroy the battery'''
 +
*When the LOW indicator light lights close to the USB, the electric quantity of the battery is insufficient.
 +
**'''When you use AAA battery, the light will be lighting all the time due to the insufficient voltage.'''
 +
*Plug the USB, then it begins to charge.
 +
*The CHRG indicator lamp close to the USB will light when charging, and the brightness will be lower or go out when the battery is fully charges.
 +
==Step-4 Assembly==
 +
*'''Step 1''':
 +
*Clip Microduino-TFT in the Microduino-Joypad panel from the back.
 +
*Use '''nylon screws''' and '''nylon nuts''' to fix, and pay attention to the installing direction of Microduino-TFT.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep1.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
*'''Step 2''':
 +
*Inset lines to the Microduino-TFT.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep2.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
*'''Step 3''':
 +
*Install the communication module and the core module to the UPIN27 interface of the baseboard of the Joypad.
 +
*Confirm that the “battery”, the" two rocker caps", and the "four white keys" have been installed to the corresponding position.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep3.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
*'''Step 4''':
 +
*Connect the other end of the line in Microduino-TFT to the corresponding interface in the baseboard.
 +
*Make the eight '''nylon columns''' connected between every two and to make up an extended edition.
 +
*Use '''nylon nuts ''' to fix the extended edition of '''nylon column''' on the four corners of the baseboard.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep4.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
*'''Step 5''':
 +
*Use '''nylon screws''' to fix the four corners of the panel.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep5.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
*'''Step 6''':
 +
*After the assembly of the antenna, you can fix it on any position of Joypad with the double sides adhesive tape on its back.
 +
*So far the Joypad is completed.
 +
[[File:Joypadstep6.jpg|center|800px]]
 +
 +
==Step-5 Description of the Keys==
 +
[[File:Joypadbuttomreadme.png|center|800px]]
 +
 +
 +
*Two rockers:Joystick L、Joystick R
 +
*Two dial switches:Switch L、Switch R
 +
*Four keys:Key1、Key2、Key3、Key4
 +
*one light sensor:Lightness
 +
 +
==Step-6 Channel/Operating Instruction==
 +
*Joystick L controls YAW[3] and THROT[4] channel,and Joystick R controls ROLL[1] and PITCH[2] channel.
 +
*Key1, Key2, Key3, and Key4 are respectively corresponding with AUX1[5], AUX2[6], AUX3[7], and AUX4[8] channel.
 +
*Switch L is responsible for locking the throttle.
 +
*Switch R opens the small rudder model, and the rudder quantity will be smaller in this model.
 +
==Step-7 Menu Configuration Instruction==
 +
 +
===Enter the Configuration Mode===
 +
*Within around the 4 seconds after  opening Joypad, press down the Key1(the key on the bottom left), and it will enter the configuration (Config) mode.
 +
**Note:You must enter before entering into the operation interface(around 2S). If not enter, restart to enter.'''
 +
[[File:Step1进入设置.jpg|600px|center|]]
 +
* According to the color in the picture, they are Key1~Key4 from left to right.
 +
[[File:Step1按键对应.jpg|600px|center|]]
 +
*Press Key3 and Key4 to make the cursor move up and down. And Key1 is to return, and Key2 is to confirm.
 +
 +
===Rocker Configuration===
 +
====Rocker Calibration Setting====
 +
*Choose “Joystick Config-Joystick Correct” to enter the rockers calibration mode.
 +
**After entering, it will display the interface as shown in the third picture. And the initial state is two crosses.
 +
**At this time, shake the two rockers to the top, the bottom, the most right, and the most left, four limitation state.
 +
***(The recommended operating mode:Shake the rockers in a circle.)
 +
**After shaking, you will see circles appears in the four directions of the cross, and when the circle expands to the largest state, the position where it is is the limitation position.
 +
[[File:Step2摇杆校准.jpg|600px|center|]]
 +
====Rocker Dead Zone Setting====
 +
*Choose “Joystick Config-Dead Zone config” to set the dead zone of the rockers.
 +
**The bigger the values of the rockers you set, the less sensitive the rockers are.
 +
 +
===Communication Protocol Configuration===
 +
====Communication Model====
 +
*Choose “Protocol Config-mode” to enter the communication protocol configuration.
 +
**The “Quadro.” is on behalf of quadrotor model in it, and “nRF24.” is on behalf of nRF model.
 +
====Quadrotor Model Channel Configuration====
 +
*Choose “Protocol Config-Quadrotor Channel” to set the communication channel of the quadrotor.
 +
====NRF Mode Channel Configuration====
 +
*Choose “Protocol Config-nRF24 Channel” to set the communication channel of nRF .
 +
===System Configuration===
 +
====The Themes of the Screen Configuration====
 +
*Choose “System Config-TFT Theme” to switch the themes of the screen.
 +
====The Screen Flipping Configuration====
 +
*Choose “System Config-TFT Rotation” to flip the angle of the screen.
 +
====MCU Reference Voltage Configuration====
 +
*Choose “System Config-MCU Voltag” to configure the reference voltage of MCU.
 +
===Body Feeling Configuration===
 +
*Choose “Cyroscope Config” to configure the switch of the body feeling mode (needing [[Microduino-Motion]] to support)
 +
 +
===End Configuration Mode===
 +
*Choose “Exit” to end the configuration mode.
 +
 +
==FAQ==
 +
*Q:'''Does Joypad support AAA battery?'''
 +
**A:Yes, it does. And two pieces are needed, but the AAA battery is not recommended.
 +
 +
*Q:'''Why does Joypad not recommend to use AAA battery?'''
 +
**A:The battery protection and the low electric quantity indicator of Joypad are designed for 3.7V lithium battery, and the voltage of the two AAA batteries will quickly trigger the protection circuit to cause the false scent of no electricity.
 +
*Q:'''Which battery is recommended for Joypad?'''
 +
**A:Single or two 10440 3.7V lithium batteries.
 +
 +
*Q:'''Which core module should I use to control the quadrotor remotely?'''
 +
**A:CoreRF. CoreRF brings its own communication function, so other communication modules are needn’t.

Latest revision as of 02:06, 10 June 2016

Language: English  • 中文

Introduction & Overview

  • Editor:@Laopan

Background

  • Joypad perhaps is born for rc controller.
  • Joypad can remotely control not only the Robot, but also the quadrotor.
  • It can support for multiple communication methods through stacking different Microduino modules .
  • It can also configure a variety of function through the TFT color screen.
  • Hope you can read this tutorial, and use Joypad to play your robot, little car, and quadrotor.

Bill of Modules

Component Number Function
Joypad mainboard 1 Mainboard
Core module 1 The core
Communication module 1 To communicate
TFT screen 1 To display
  • The freedom degree of the Joypad is very high, and you can just choose core and modules according to the required functionality.
  • YOu can refer to the following function/compatibility to choose the corresponding core module, communication module, and function modules.
【Function】module/【Function】core 【Don’t support communication】 Core 【Don’t support communication】 Core+ 【Communication/Quadrotor】 CoreRF
【Communication/Robot】 nRF YES YES YES
【Communication/Quadrotor】 BLE YES YES NO
【Somatosensory】 Motion NO YES YES

Modules Selection

  • Application scenarios:Control Robot remotely
    • Use Core as the core module.
    • Use nRF as the communication module.
  • Application scenarios:Control Quadrotor remotely
    • Use CoreRF as the core module.
    • The core brings 2.4G communication function with it, so it needs no other core to cooperate with it.
  • Application scenarios:Body feeling control Quadrotor remotely
    • Use CoreRF as the core module.
    • The core brings 2.4G communication function with it, so it needs no other core to cooperate with it.
    • Use Motion as the body feeling module.


  • Application scenarios:Body feeling control Robot remotely
    • Use Core+ as the core module.
    • Use nRF as the communication module.
    • Use Motion as the body feeling module.


Bill of Material

Component Number Function
Joypad panel 1 Panel
Nylon screw 8 To fix
Nylon nut 8 To fix
Nylon column 8 To fix
White button cap 4 Buttons
Rocker 2 Rockers
1.27mm 8P connecting line 1 To connect the TFT screen
10440 3.7v lithium battery(optional) 1 Power supply
Micro-USB cable(optional) 1 Program download


Step-1 Programming

Download the Source Code

At first download the program from the following address [Joypad_RC]

Stack Modules

  • Use cable to connect Microduino-USBTTL, and stack it together with your core to prepare to upload the program.
    • Note:You’d better upload the program before stacking all modules together.

Configure the Environment

  • Open Arduino IDE for Microduino environment(Reference for setting up:AVR Core:Getting started
  • Confirm the “board card” and“processor” is chosen correctly, and choose the corresponding port number (COMX).

Program Download

  • Open the “Joypad_RC.ino” program in the programs that you have downloaded.
  • Click "→" to download the program to the development board.

Step-2 Reference Voltage

  • In order to fitting for the input devices of Core and Joypad under any voltage:Rocker and the reference voltage of the switch are adjustable.
    • If you have chosen CoreRF or the Core with 3.3V power source such as Core 3.3V and Core+ 3.3V.
    • You need to reset the reference voltage of the mainboard of Joypad through the jumpers.

Step-3 Battery powered

Specifications of the Supported Battery

  • The specifications of the batteries that are supported is as following
Function/Type of battery 10440 lithium battery (3.7V) AAA battery(1.5V)
Whether to support one piece YES NO
Whether to support two pieces YES YES
Whether to support charging YES NO


  • We recommend to use 10440 lithium battery(3.7V)

Active the Power Management Circuit

  • Referring to the following picture, according to the use of the battery, switch the battery mode switch to the correct position before access to the battery.
Joypadstep1 1.jpg
  • After connecting the battery, you must plug the USB, to active the battery management circuit of Joypad.
  • After activing, you can control the power source switch of Joypad.

Electric Quantity Reminding and Charging(Limited to the 10440 Lithium Battery)

  • When you use two 7 batteries,you can’t use USB to charge, and it will destroy the battery
  • When the LOW indicator light lights close to the USB, the electric quantity of the battery is insufficient.
    • When you use AAA battery, the light will be lighting all the time due to the insufficient voltage.
  • Plug the USB, then it begins to charge.
  • The CHRG indicator lamp close to the USB will light when charging, and the brightness will be lower or go out when the battery is fully charges.

Step-4 Assembly

  • Step 1
  • Clip Microduino-TFT in the Microduino-Joypad panel from the back.
  • Use nylon screws and nylon nuts to fix, and pay attention to the installing direction of Microduino-TFT.
Joypadstep1.jpg
  • Step 2
  • Inset lines to the Microduino-TFT.
Joypadstep2.jpg
  • Step 3
  • Install the communication module and the core module to the UPIN27 interface of the baseboard of the Joypad.
  • Confirm that the “battery”, the" two rocker caps", and the "four white keys" have been installed to the corresponding position.
Joypadstep3.jpg
  • Step 4
  • Connect the other end of the line in Microduino-TFT to the corresponding interface in the baseboard.
  • Make the eight nylon columns connected between every two and to make up an extended edition.
  • Use nylon nuts to fix the extended edition of nylon column on the four corners of the baseboard.
Joypadstep4.jpg
  • Step 5
  • Use nylon screws to fix the four corners of the panel.
Joypadstep5.jpg
  • Step 6
  • After the assembly of the antenna, you can fix it on any position of Joypad with the double sides adhesive tape on its back.
  • So far the Joypad is completed.
Joypadstep6.jpg

Step-5 Description of the Keys

Joypadbuttomreadme.png


  • Two rockers:Joystick L、Joystick R
  • Two dial switches:Switch L、Switch R
  • Four keys:Key1、Key2、Key3、Key4
  • one light sensor:Lightness

Step-6 Channel/Operating Instruction

  • Joystick L controls YAW[3] and THROT[4] channel,and Joystick R controls ROLL[1] and PITCH[2] channel.
  • Key1, Key2, Key3, and Key4 are respectively corresponding with AUX1[5], AUX2[6], AUX3[7], and AUX4[8] channel.
  • Switch L is responsible for locking the throttle.
  • Switch R opens the small rudder model, and the rudder quantity will be smaller in this model.

Step-7 Menu Configuration Instruction

Enter the Configuration Mode

  • Within around the 4 seconds after opening Joypad, press down the Key1(the key on the bottom left), and it will enter the configuration (Config) mode.
    • Note:You must enter before entering into the operation interface(around 2S). If not enter, restart to enter.
Step1进入设置.jpg
  • According to the color in the picture, they are Key1~Key4 from left to right.
Step1按键对应.jpg
  • Press Key3 and Key4 to make the cursor move up and down. And Key1 is to return, and Key2 is to confirm.

Rocker Configuration

Rocker Calibration Setting

  • Choose “Joystick Config-Joystick Correct” to enter the rockers calibration mode.
    • After entering, it will display the interface as shown in the third picture. And the initial state is two crosses.
    • At this time, shake the two rockers to the top, the bottom, the most right, and the most left, four limitation state.
      • (The recommended operating mode:Shake the rockers in a circle.)
    • After shaking, you will see circles appears in the four directions of the cross, and when the circle expands to the largest state, the position where it is is the limitation position.
Step2摇杆校准.jpg

Rocker Dead Zone Setting

  • Choose “Joystick Config-Dead Zone config” to set the dead zone of the rockers.
    • The bigger the values of the rockers you set, the less sensitive the rockers are.

Communication Protocol Configuration

Communication Model

  • Choose “Protocol Config-mode” to enter the communication protocol configuration.
    • The “Quadro.” is on behalf of quadrotor model in it, and “nRF24.” is on behalf of nRF model.

Quadrotor Model Channel Configuration

  • Choose “Protocol Config-Quadrotor Channel” to set the communication channel of the quadrotor.

NRF Mode Channel Configuration

  • Choose “Protocol Config-nRF24 Channel” to set the communication channel of nRF .

System Configuration

The Themes of the Screen Configuration

  • Choose “System Config-TFT Theme” to switch the themes of the screen.

The Screen Flipping Configuration

  • Choose “System Config-TFT Rotation” to flip the angle of the screen.

MCU Reference Voltage Configuration

  • Choose “System Config-MCU Voltag” to configure the reference voltage of MCU.

Body Feeling Configuration

  • Choose “Cyroscope Config” to configure the switch of the body feeling mode (needing Microduino-Motion to support)

End Configuration Mode

  • Choose “Exit” to end the configuration mode.

FAQ

  • Q:Does Joypad support AAA battery?
    • A:Yes, it does. And two pieces are needed, but the AAA battery is not recommended.
  • Q:Why does Joypad not recommend to use AAA battery?
    • A:The battery protection and the low electric quantity indicator of Joypad are designed for 3.7V lithium battery, and the voltage of the two AAA batteries will quickly trigger the protection circuit to cause the false scent of no electricity.
  • Q:Which battery is recommended for Joypad?
    • A:Single or two 10440 3.7V lithium batteries.
  • Q:Which core module should I use to control the quadrotor remotely?
    • A:CoreRF. CoreRF brings its own communication function, so other communication modules are needn’t.